Comparing Home Fire to Antigone - Free Essay Example

The home fire is the updated version of Antigone, which has transported from ancient Greece to todayrs London and the main characters were British-Pakistanis. This premise forms the basis for Kamila Shamsiers Home Fire, which updates Sophocles tragedy and sets it in the contemporary context of the War on Terror and the struggle of European countries to deal with their citizens who join the Islamic State. Though ultimately a derivative work one that doesnt stand alone without reference to the original the novel has some interesting insights on what it means to be British and on Islamrs place in todayrs UK.. Sophocles tragedy centers around the conflict between Antigone and Creon, her uncle and the ruler of Thebes. Antigone desires to bury her brother Polyneices according to the religious law while Creon refuses to grant permission since he considers him to be an enemy of the state. In Shamsiers novel Home Fire, Polyneices becomes Parvaiz Pasha, a young Londoner who becomes radicalized and leaves to work in the Islamic Staters media unit in Syria. His sister Aneeka (Antigone) first tries to enable him to return to the UK without facing charges and later to bring his body back to London. Her opponent is Karamat Lone, the British Home Secretary, himself of Pakistani and Muslim origin. The equivalent of Creonrs refusal to allow Polyneicesrs body to be buried in Thebes is like Karamatrs order to abolish British citizenship from those dual nationals who act against the interests of the UK. Thus, after Parvaizrs death in Istanbul, his body is sent to Pakistan instead of the UK. Aneeka then travels to Karachi to sit in protest outside the British Consulate until the government allows the body to be returned to the UK. Her sister Isma (Ismene), on the other hand, attempts to distance the sisters from their brotherrs actions. Shamsie recounts her story in five acts, and each one is narrated by a different character with their own take on events; Isma, Eamonn lone, Parvaiz, Aneeka, and Karamat Lone. One of the main themes of the novel is how Britain treats its Muslim citizens. The story begins with Isma at the airport, enduring a lengthy interrogation that causes her to miss her onward flight to the US, where she plans to pursue her Ph.D. The interrogation is particularly fraught because of her family background, though the experience of being questioned at Western airports is one familiar to many Muslim travelers. More problematic is the mediars demonization of British Muslims. As Isma recalls a conversation she had during college: The 7/7 terrorists were never described by the media as British terrorists. Even when the word British was used it was always British of Pakistani descent or British Muslim or, my favorite, British passport holders, always something interposed between their Britishness and terrorism. (38). Later, Aneeka refers to the perils of Googling While Muslim, a nod to state surveillance of Muslims for any sign of extremism. Shamsiers characters are all three-dimensional and none of them are entirely heroic. Unlike Antigone, Aneeka uses sex to try to achieve her objectives, becoming involved with Karamatrs son Eamonn (Haemon). In the original play, Antigone is engaged to Haemon, but she sacrifices this relationship to fulfill her obligations to her brother. Aneeka, in contrast, attracts Eamonn as part of a plan to bring her brother home. Though she does eventually fall in love with him, her initial actions cast her in a manipulative light, she prays and wears the hijab yet doesnt seem to have problems with premarital sex. Like Aneeka, Karamat is also a complicated character. He is an integrationist who distances himself from his Muslim background and marries an Irish woman. He gives his son an Irish name, Eamonn, rather than the Arabic Ayman. Yet, he confesses that in times of stress he often finds himself unconsciously reciting the Ayat al-Kursi. Asked in an interview to respond to the accusation that he hates Muslims, he replies I hate the Muslims who make people hate Muslims (231). Shamsie heightens the dramatic conflict by giving the Creon character a Muslim background and depicts that type of Muslim and British-Pakistani who believes that in order to advance in mainstream society, he has to distance himself from his religion and be more loyal than the King. One of the other Shamsiers most interesting departures from Sophocles is providing a bigger backstory for the Polyneices character. Sophocles begins his story after Polyneices is already dead, so we never learn what drove him to become an enemy of Thebes. In contrast, Shamsie shows the reader the process by which Parvaiz is radicalized, and thus highlights how lost and vulnerable young men are often exploited and brainwashed into waging jihad. In Parvaizrs case, he is a young boy who has never known his father, himself a jihadi, a fact that Parvaizrs mother and sisters never discussed, fearing the negative consequences for the family. When an older man comes along and asserts that Parvaizrs father was a hero, Parvaiz is naturally drawn to him and led down the path to radicalization. In Shamsiers narration, even the jihadi is a somewhat sympathetic character. His motivations are understandable though his actions are reprehensible. Oppose to the sisters is Karamat, who tells students at a Bradford school: You are, we are, British. Britain accepts this. So do most of you. But for those of you who are in some doubt about it, let me say this: dont set yourselves apart in the way you dress, the way you think, the outdated codes of behavior you cling to, the ideologies to which you attach your loyalties. Because if you do, you will be treated differently†not because of racism, though that does still exist, because you insist on your difference from everyone else in this multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multitudinous United Kingdom of ours (88). While telling Muslims that they shouldnt freely express their religion is problematic, there is something to be said for greater assimilation into the societies in which Muslims find themselves. Karamatrs most problematic action is the abolishing of British citizenship from those dual nationals who act against British interests. Rather than dealing with why some young British Muslims are alienated from the larger society, this action simply ignores the problem by retroactively defining them as un-British. Shamsie concludes with Karamat Lone, whose unstable status at once inside and outside British mainstream culture remixes that of Isma. Shamsie is sympathetic to the vulnera  ­bility of his position, to the risks he takes to realise his ambition to be a man assured of his own power. But she is also alive to the hypocrisy and absurdity generated by his constant compromises. Out walking beside the Thames, he notices a brown-skinned jogger and identifies him as a potential threat, asking his security detail: That one too Muslim for comfort? To which his guard replies: That one was Latino. These shifting perspectives serve deeper purposes. In terms of pure narrative excitement, they trap characters between competing loyalties. I admit it, Eamonn confesses near the end of the novel. Ive been [ ] caught between the two people I love most in the world: my father and my fiancee. But this narrative relativity also encourages the reader to interrogate their own preconceptions, not to mention the shallow news ­paper head  ­lines Shamsie parodies on several occasions. Home Fire makes an interesting companion to Antigone though most of the power of the novel comes from seeing how Shamsie has updated that great work of world literature. Without the literary resonances, the novel would simply be another work that attempts to deal with jihad and the place of Islam in the West, themes worked and reworked by many Pakistani novelists writing in English. Home Fire is impressive comparing to Antigone because in its final pages, deeply moving a complex, heartbreaking meditation on the ties that bind, no matter how hard we struggle to be free. By turns deeply humane and provocative, Shamsie has reinforced her reputation as one of the worldrs most arresting writers.

Health And Globalization s Impact On Food And People

Health and Globalization’s Impact on Food and People Globalization has profoundly affected the movement of people, food production and dietary habits. Political instability throughout the world has negatively impacted public healthcare systems, already strained by limited funding, increased urbanization, and the emergence of new and previously eradicated diseases that are resistant to available treatments. This paper explores how increased global travel and changes in food production, distribution and consumption are interconnected, effecting health at a global level. The paper acknowledges that globalization has both positive and negative impacts on global health; and argues that opportunities to improve global health are limited by the†¦show more content†¦A total of eleven conferences were held, leading to the Office of International d Hygià ¨ne publique (OIHP) established in 1907 and ultimately to the United Nations’ World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948 (WHO, 2016). Throughout this time the globalization of trade, the movement of people and the spread of infectious disease has grown, exponentially since the end of WWII. Where ocean going ships once dominated, air travel and cargo transportation has grown to have a profound impact on global health. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) estimates that eight million people travel by air every day, surpassing the three billion mark annually, and creating abundant opportunities for infected travelers to spread disease and antimicrobial resistance, in route to and at their destinations. Added to this, is the estimated fifty million tons of air cargo transported annually, playing host to vector-borne diseases that can now travel across the globe in a matter of hours (IATA, 2013; Knobler, Mahmoud, Lemon, Pray, 2006). As a carrier of disease, air transportation poses a serious threat to global health. Government regulations and air transportation industry practices attempt to control or at least limit the opportunities for spreading infectious disease by monitoring aircraft and performing routine â€Å"disinsection† by applying insecticides inside cabins and cargo areas. Despite these

Thomas Sawer My Life Essay Example For Students

Thomas Sawer My Life Essay I realised then that the rumors were true, the Strangers were presenting a Pageant for the Queen. The echoing of jeers and hissing swarmed around and I felt my face burn red with anger. As I turned to leave, beckoning Margaret to follow I felt a small, soft hand slip into mine. As I spun around, a grin spread across the face of John and Thomas was pointing at the stage. I was reluctant to spoil their day so, with great difficulty, I continued to join in with the celebrations. The procession carried on until we reached the Market Square. The crowds fell silent and the final Oration was given to the Queen. Then, with the swarming crowds, the Monarch made her way to the Bishops palace where she spent the night and the next day (Sunday) in peace. I will never forget the next couple of years, something dreadful happened to us all. Loses of relatives and friends, even falling ill yourself could not be avoided. A strange disease had occurred among the people of Norwich, mostly dying within a few days of catching it. Many folk thought it was a punishment from God while others thought it was caused by bad smells. The cause was unknown, and the disease spread very quickly. It carried very bad symptoms: Swellings under the armpits and between the legs, black and blue blotches on the body, vomiting and spitting blood and (in everycase) Death. People tried to invent absurd remedies: Wash floors, hands, mouths and nostrils with vinegar and rose water, flagellation, no drinking or gambling, avoiding hot spices, leeks, garlic and anything that is likely to raise body temperature and open pores, no hot baths and to take pills made from powdered stag horns and rare spices. Many of my friends fell ill and died, leaving behind families and friends who mourned their deaths greatly. Then, Margaret (my dear wife) fell ill and died on the 26th April 1579. I mourned her death for a long time afterwards. She was the only lady I had loved and she had left me with the responsibility of caring for three children. Then, sadly, my two sons Thomas and John died of this unknown disease. Thomas died on the 11th August 1579 and then John on the 12th August, a day after Thomas. All I had left now was my daughter, Ann. She was to young to understand what had happened to her mother and brothers but if she had not been there, I feel I would have died without catching the disease. Due to having the Plague in our dwelling, we were concealed in our house for six weeks, with no contact whatsoever with the outside world. With no sanitation, we were provided with small amounts of food pushed through the flap in the door, just enough to stay alive. When finally the six weeks passed, I knew there was only one sensible thing to do, re marry. I did not wish to as I felt I would be cheating on Margaret but I knew she would understand the circumstances. Having to look after a very young child and continue with a full time job would be very difficult so I married my second wife, Brenda. We were happy together but she would never match Margaret, whom I missed dearly. If only she was there, she would be able to see her daughter grow up to be a beautiful little girl. However, my second wife fell pregnant, giving Ann a Stepsister. We named our baby Ales and she was born on the 17th July 1580. I hope, that as my life has been full of sorrow, I will see happiness through both my daughters lives and I hope my life will be prosperous in the future.

How to Write the Essay For the Chinese Summer Program

How to Write the Essay For the Chinese Summer ProgramYou can write essays for the Chinese Summer Program by reading essay samples that you have found online. It may be helpful to think of essays as a conversation, and then make those conversations more interesting and engaging with a variety of essay samples that you can use.The more topics you are interested in talking about, the more likely you will be to find essay samples that will be able to write the kind of essay you want to write. In most cases, you can find these online because the admissions office puts together the essays. They also know that the students are very interested in learning how to write and they spend a lot of time on the Internet searching for essays that are going to be used.Essays for the Chinese Summer Program are very important and they are needed in order to help their students get into the schools they want to go to. A large number of colleges in the United States require that the students in their prog rams write essays in order to be eligible to be accepted. You want to make sure that you are writing the essay the way it should be written.As soon as you decide what subject you want to write about, you can begin to look for essay samples that you can use to help you. Many people who have never tried to write an essay in high school or college really do not know how to write one. There are a lot of different guidelines for writing essays. It is not always clear to people who do not know much about the writing process.You will have a lot of help from other students when you decide to take some time and really learn about the essay. Of course, the program itself has also provided you with great essay samples that can help you learn how to write well. All you need to do is to read over the samples and decide which one you like best.When you decide to write the essay for the Chinese Summer Program, you have to write about one topic each week for the duration of the program. You can cho ose any topic that you like. However, you will want to stick to the same theme so that you can focus your thoughts on the subject instead of having to think about two things at once.When you choose to participate in the essay writing for the Chinese Summer Program, you will find that there are a lot of writing classes that you will have to attend. There are no classes to take the first day, but you have to attend the rest of the time in the classes. The classes provide you with the basic structure that you need to get started, but you will want to know more if you want to go on and make some essays for yourself.Essay samples are very helpful for getting started in writing an essay. You can begin by looking online for essay samples to help you get started. Then you can get started on the essay of your dreams.

Finding the Best Huckleberry Finn Essay Topics

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History 1302 Essay Topics

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The Insider Secret on Help Write Research Paper Discovered

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